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1851
1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday
of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1851
January–June
* January 11 – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion.
* January 15 – Christian Female College, now Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.
* January 23 – The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in the Oregon Territory is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning.
* February 12 – Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
* March 1 – Victor Hugo uses the phrase ''United States of Europe'' in a speech to the French National Assembly.
* March 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Rigoletto'' is first performed at ''La Fenice'' in Venice.
* March 27 – The first white men reportedly see Yosemite Valley.
* March 30 – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom.
* April 9 – San Luis, the oldest permanent settlement in the state of Colorado, is founded by settlers from Taos, New Mexico.
*April 20 – Ramón Castilla loses power in Peru.
*April 21- John Stuart Mill marries Harriet Taylor
* April 28 – Santa Clara College is chartered in Santa Clara, California.
* May 1 – The ''Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations'' in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London is opened by Queen Victoria (it runs until October 18).
* May 15
**Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, the first secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia.
**Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.
July–September
* July – The immortal game, a famous chess game, is played.
* The first FA Cup Final is held, with holders Aldershot overcoming Maine Road by 3–1.
* July 1
**The Colony of Victoria separates from New South Wales.
**Serial poisoner Hélène Jégado is arrested in Rennes, France.
* July 10 – The University of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College in Santa Clara, California.
* July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis, in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid ''15 Eunomia''.
* August 1 – Virginia closes its Reform Constitutional Convention deciding that all white men have the right to vote.
* August 5 – Mount Pelee erupts and kills 30 people including seven children (as well as two ponies).
* August 22 – The yacht ''America'' wins the first America's Cup race.
* September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
* September 18 – ''The New York Times'' is founded.
* September 25 – A wolf named Berserker escapes from the Zoological Gardens, terrorising London for forty-eight hours before turning up again safe and well but for a forehead bloodied and wounded by glass.
* September 30 – The ''Fregatten Eugenies'' (or the Frigate Eugenie) leaves from Karlskrona, Sweden to begin its voyage as the first Swedish Royal Navy vessel to circumnavigate the world.
October–December
* October – The Reuters news service is founded.
* October 15 – The City of Winona, Minnesota is founded.
* October 18 – The Great Exhibition in London is closed.
* October 24 – Ariel and Umbriel, moons of Uranus, are discovered by William Lassell.
* November 13 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what later becomes Seattle, Washington.
* November 14 – Herman Melville's novel ''Moby-Dick; or The Whale'' is published in the U.S. by Harper & Brothers, New York, after being first published on October 18 in London by Richard Bentley, in 3 volumes as ''The Whale''.
* December 2 – Louis Napoleon, president of France, dissolves the French National Assembly and declares a new constitution to extend his term. A year later he declares himself as Emperor Napoleon III, ending the Second Republic.
* December 6 – The trial of Hélène Jégado begins; she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by guillotine.
* December 9 – The first YMCA (1844) in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
* December 24 – The Library of Congress burns. The First Lancashire Darts Federation was founded, after years of being several separate societies.
* December 26–27 – A Royal Navy warship bombards Lagos Island; Oba Kosoko is wounded and flees to Epe.
* December 29 – The first YMCA opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
Undated
* Northwestern University is founded.
* St. Paul's College, Hong Kong is founded.
* Western Union is founded.
* The population of Britain reaches 21 million.
* 6.3 million people live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and Wales. Cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English population.
* Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act permitted local authorities to appoint commissioners to erect or purchase houses for the working classes. Little used.
* ''Huddersfield Weekly Examiner'' commences publication.
Ongoing events
* New Zealand land wars (1845–1872)
* Taiping Rebellion (1851–1864)
* First Schleswig War (1848–1851)
Births
January–June
* January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
* January 19 – Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922)
* February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
* March 14 – John Sebastian Little, American politician and congressman (d. 1916)
* March 18 – Julien Dupré, Fench artist (d. 1910)
* March 19 – William Henry Stark, business leader (d. 1936)
* March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer and teacher (d. 1931)
* March 28 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese President (d. 1944)
* April 13 – Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928)
* April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo, Foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart (d. 1923)
* April 20 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875)
* April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939)
* May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer and comedian (d. 1925)
* May 20 – Emil Berliner, telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929)
* May 21 – Léon Bourgeois, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
July–December
* June 16 – Georg Jellinek, German legal philosopher (d. 1911)
* July 8 – Arthur Evans, British archaeologist (d. 1941)
* July 15 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (d. 1889)
* July 20 – Arnold Pick, Czechoslovakian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1924)
* July 24 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician (d. 1935)
* August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (d. 1887)
* September 7 – David King Udall, American politician (d. 1938)
* September 14 – H.E. Beunke, Dutch writer (d. 1925)
* October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied forces in World War I (d. 1929)
* October 20 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (d. 1946)
* December 20 – Dora Montefiore, English suffragist and socialist (d. 1933)
* December 30 – Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman and politician (d. 1929)
Deaths
January–June
* January 10 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (b. 1775)
* January 19 – Esteban Echeverría, Argentine poet and writer (b. 1805)
* January 23 – Archibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, Scottish politician (b. 1809)
* January 27 – John James Audubon, French-American naturalist and illustrator (b. 1785)
* January 31 – David Spangler Kaufman, Congressman from Texas (b. 1813)
* February 1 – Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)
* February 3 – Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, Congressman from Massachusetts secretary of U.S. Navy (b. 1772)
* February 18 – Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
* February 23 – Joanna Baillie, Scottish poetess and dramatist (b. 1762)
* February 28 – Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (b. 1775)
* March 9 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish scientist (b. 1777)
* May 13 – Princess Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. 1788)
* May 22 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist (b. 1785)
July–December
* July 10 – Louis Daguerre, French artist and chemist (b. 1787)
* July 17 – Roger Sheaffe, British General
* August 8 – James Shudi Broadwood, piano manufacturer (b. 1772)
* September 10 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)
* September 11 – Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist and inventor (b. 1794)
* September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper, American writer (b. 1789)
* October 4 – Manuel de Godoy, Spanish statesman (b. 1767)
* October 19 – Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
* November 26 – Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal and politician (b. 1769)
* December 19 – Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist (b. 1775)
*''date unknown'' – John Brown Russwurm, American abolitionist (b. 1799)
Notes
ast:1851
zh-min-nan:1851 nî
map-bms:1851
be-x-old:1851
bcl:1851
cbk-zam:1851
myv:1851 ие
hif:1851
gan:1851年
bpy:মারি ১৮৫১
csb:1851
arz:1851
nah:1851
new:ई सं १८५१
nap:1851
nrm:1851
nov:1851
mhr:1851
nds:1851
ksh:Joohr 1851
sah:1851
scn:1851
simple:1851
vec:1851
war:1851
zh-yue:1851年
bat-smg:1851
Source: Wikipedia