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41st United States Congress
The Forty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1869 to March 4, 1871, during the first two years of Ulysses Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
* March 4, 1869 Ulysses Grant became President of the United States
Major legislation
* March 18, 1869: Public Credit Act of 1869, ch. 1,
* May 31, 1870: Force Act of 1870, ch. 114,
* July 12, 1870: Currency Act of 1870, ch. 252,
* July 14, 1870: Funding Act of 1870, ch. 256,
Party summary
Virginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Georgia were readmitted to representation in this Congress.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
* Republican (R): 62 (majority)
* Democratic (D): 12
TOTAL members: 74
House of Representatives
* Republican (R): 171 (majority)
* Democratic (D): 67
* Conservative Party of Virginia (C): 5
TOTAL members: 243
Leadership
Senate
* President (R): Schuyler Colfax
* President pro tempore: Henry B. Anthony (R) of Rhode Island, first elected March 23, 1869.
House of Representatives
* Speaker: James G. Blaine (R) of Maine, elected March 4, 1869.
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1874; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.
==== Alabama ====
*3: George E. Spencer (R)
*2: Willard Warner (R)
==== Arkansas ====
*2: Alexander McDonald (R)
*3: Benjamin F. Rice (R)
==== California ====
*3: Cornelius Cole (R)
*1: Eugene Casserly (D)
==== Connecticut ====
*3: Orris S. Ferry (R)
*1: William A. Buckingham (R)
==== Delaware ====
*2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)
*1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (D)
==== Florida ====
*3: Thomas W. Osborn (R)
*1: Abijah Gilbert (R)
==== Georgia ====
*3: Joshua Hill (R), installed February 1, 1871
*2: Homer V. M. Miller (D), installed February 24, 1871
==== Illinois ====
*3: Lyman Trumbull (R)
*2: Richard Yates (R)
==== Indiana ====
*3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)
*1: Daniel D. Pratt (R)
==== Iowa ====
*2: James W. Grimes (R)
*: James B. Howell (R)
*3: James Harlan (R)
==== Kansas ====
*3: Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)
*2: Edmund G. Ross (R)
==== Kentucky ====
*3: Garrett Davis (D)
*2: Thomas C. McCreery (D)
==== Louisiana ====
*2: John S. Harris (R)
*3: William Pitt Kellogg (R)
==== Maine ====
*2: William Pitt Fessenden (R)
*: Lot M. Morrill (R)
*1: Hannibal Hamlin (R)
==== Maryland ====
*3: George Vickers (D)
*1: William T. Hamilton (D)
==== Massachusetts ====
*1: Charles Sumner (R)
*2: Henry Wilson (R)
==== Michigan ====
*1: Zachariah Chandler (R)
*2: Jacob M. Howard (R)
==== Minnesota ====
*1: Alexander Ramsey (R)
*2: Daniel S. Norton (R)
*: William Windom (R)
*: Ozora P. Stearns (R)
==== Mississippi ====
*2: Hiram R. Revels (R), installed February 23, 1870
*1: Adelbert Ames (R), installed February 23, 1870
==== Missouri ====
*3: Charles D. Drake (R)
*: Daniel T. Jewett (R)
*: Francis P. Blair, Jr. (D)
*1: Carl Schurz (R)
==== Nebraska ====
*2: John M. Thayer (R)
*1: Thomas W. Tipton (R)
==== Nevada ====
*1: William M. Stewart (R)
*3: James W. Nye (R)
==== New Hampshire ====
*2: Aaron H. Cragin (R)
*3: James W. Patterson (R)
==== New Jersey ====
*2: Alexander G. Cattell (R)
*1: John P. Stockton (D)
==== New York ====
*3: Roscoe Conkling (R)
*1: Reuben E. Fenton (R)
==== North Carolina ====
*2: Joseph C. Abbott (R)
*3: John Pool (R)
==== Ohio ====
*3: John Sherman (R)
*1: Allen G. Thurman (D)
==== Oregon ====
*2: George H. Williams (R)
*3: Henry W. Corbett (R)
==== Pennsylvania ====
*3: Simon Cameron (R)
*1: John Scott (R)
==== Rhode Island ====
*2: Henry B. Anthony (R)
*1: William Sprague (R)
==== South Carolina ====
*2: Thomas J. Robertson (R)
*3: Frederick A. Sawyer (R)
==== Tennessee ====
*2: Joseph S. Fowler (R)
*1: William G. Brownlow (R)
==== Texas ====
*2: Morgan C. Hamilton (R), installed March 31, 1870
*1: James W. Flanagan (R), installed March 30, 1870
==== Vermont ====
*1: George F. Edmunds (R)
*3: Justin S. Morrill (R)
==== Virginia ====
* 2: John W. Johnston (D), installed January 26, 1870
* 1: John F. Lewis (R), installed January 26, 1870
==== West Virginia ====
*2: Waitman T. Willey (R)
*1: Arthur I. Boreman (R)
==== Wisconsin ====
*3: Timothy O. Howe (R)
*1: Matthew H. Carpenter (R)
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
==== Alabama ====
* . Alfred E. Buck (R)
* . Charles W. Buckley (R)
* . Robert S. Heflin (R)
* . Charles Hays (R)
* . Peter M. Dox (D)
* . William C. Sherrod (D)
==== Arkansas ====
* . Logan H. Roots (R)
* . Anthony A. C. Rogers (D)
* . Thomas Boles (R)
==== California ====
* . Samuel B. Axtell (D)
* . Aaron A. Sargent (R)
* . James A. Johnson (D)
==== Connecticut ====
* . Julius L. Strong (R)
* . Stephen W. Kellogg (R)
* . Henry H. Starkweather (R)
* . William H. Barnum (D)
==== Delaware ====
* . Benjamin T. Biggs (D)
==== Florida ====
* . Charles M. Hamilton (R)
==== Georgia ====
* . William W. Paine (D), installed December 22, 1870
* . Richard H. Whiteley (R), installed December 22, 1870
* . Marion Bethune (R), installed December 22, 1870
* . Jefferson F. Long (R), installed December 22, 1870
* . Stephen A. Corker (D), installed December 22, 1870
* . William P. Price (D), installed December 22, 1870
* . Pierce M. B. Young (D), installed December 22, 1870
==== Illinois ====
* . Norman B. Judd (R)
* . John F. Farnsworth (R)
* . Elihu B. Washburne (R)
*: Horatio C. Burchard (R)
* . John B. Hawley (R)
* . Ebon C. Ingersoll (R)
* . Burton C. Cook (R)
* . Jesse H. Moore (R)
* . Shelby M. Cullom (R)
* . Thompson W. McNeely (D)
* . Albert G. Burr (D)
* . Samuel S. Marshall (D)
* . John B. Hay (R)
* . John M. Crebs (D)
* . John A. Logan (R)
==== Indiana ====
* . William E. Niblack (D)
* . Michael C. Kerr (D)
* . William S. Holman (D)
* . George W. Julian (R)
* . John Coburn (R)
* . Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
* . Godlove S. Orth (R)
* . James N. Tyner (R)
* . John P. C. Shanks (R)
* . William Williams (R)
* . Jasper Packard (R)
==== Iowa ====
* . George W. McCrary (R)
* . William Smyth (R)
*: William P. Wolf (R)
* . William B. Allison (R)
* . William Loughridge (R)
* . Francis W. Palmer (R)
* . Charles Pomeroy (R)
==== Kansas ====
* . Sidney Clarke (R)
==== Kentucky ====
* . Lawrence S. Trimble (D)
* . William N. Sweeney (D)
* . Jacob S. Golladay (D)
*: Joseph H. Lewis (D)
* . J. Proctor Knott (D)
* . Boyd Winchester (D)
* . Thomas L. Jones (D)
* . James B. Beck (D)
* . George M. Adams (D)
* . John M. Rice (D)
==== Louisiana ====
* . J. Hale Sypher (R), installed November 7, 1870 - End
* . Lionel A. Sheldon (R)
* . Chester B. Darrall (R)
* . Joseph P. Newsham (R), installed May 23, 1870 - End
* . Frank Morey (R)
==== Maine ====
* . John Lynch (R)
* . Samuel P. Morrill (R)
* . James G. Blaine (R)
* . John A. Peters (R)
* . Eugene Hale (R)
==== Maryland ====
* . Samuel Hambleton (D)
* . Stevenson Archer (D)
* . Thomas Swann (D)
* . Patrick Hamill (D)
* . Frederick Stone (D)
==== Massachusetts ====
* . James Buffinton (R)
* . Oakes Ames (R)
* . Ginery Twichell (R)
* . Samuel Hooper (R)
* . Benjamin F. Butler (R)
* . Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
* . George S. Boutwell (R)
*: George M. Brooks (R)
* . George F. Hoar (R)
* . William B. Washburn (R)
* . Henry L. Dawes (R)
==== Michigan ====
* . Fernando C. Beaman (R)
* . William L. Stoughton (R)
* . Austin Blair (R)
* . Thomas W. Ferry (R)
* . Omar D. Conger (R)
* . Randolph Strickland (R)
==== Minnesota ====
* . Morton S. Wilkinson (R)
* . Eugene M. Wilson (D)
==== Mississippi ====
* . George E. Harris (R), installed February 23, 1870
* . Joseph L. Morphis (R), installed February 23, 1870
* . Henry W. Barry (R), installed February 23, 1870
* . George C. McKee (R)
* . Legrand W. Perce (R), installed February 23, 1870
==== Missouri ====
* . Erastus Wells (D)
* . Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (R)
* . James R. McCormick (D)
* . Sempronius H. Boyd (R)
* . Samuel S. Burdett (R)
* . Robert T. Van Horn (R)
* . Joel F. Asper (R)
* . John F. Benjamin (R)
* . David P. Dyer (R)
==== Nebraska ====
* . John Taffe (R)
==== Nevada ====
* . Thomas Fitch (R)
==== New Hampshire ====
* . Jacob H. Ela (R)
* . Aaron F. Stevens (R)
* . Jacob Benton (R)
==== New Jersey ====
* . William Moore (R)
* . Charles Haight (D)
* . John T. Bird (D)
* . John Hill (R)
* . Orestes Cleveland (D)
==== New York ====
* . Henry A. Reeves (D)
* . John G. Schumaker (D)
* . Henry W. Slocum (D)
* . John Fox (D)
* . John Morrissey (D)
* . Samuel S. Cox (D)
* . Hervey C. Calkin (D)
* . James Brooks (D)
* . Fernando Wood (D)
* . Clarkson N. Potter (D)
* . George W. Greene (D)
*: Charles H. Van Wyck (R)
* . John H. Ketcham (R)
* . John A. Griswold (D)
* . Stephen L. Mayham (D)
* . Adolphus H. Tanner (R)
* . Orange Ferriss (R)
* . William A. Wheeler (R)
* . Stephen Sanford (R)
* . Charles Knapp (R)
* . Addison H. Laflin (R)
* . Alexander H. Bailey (R)
* . John C. Churchill (R)
* . Dennis McCarthy (R)
* . George W. Cowles (R)
* . William H. Kelsey (R)
* . Giles W. Hotchkiss (R)
* . Hamilton Ward, Sr. (R)
* . Noah Davis (R)
*: Charles H. Holmes (R)
* . John Fisher (R)
* . David S. Bennett (R)
* . Porter Sheldon (R)
==== North Carolina ====
* . Clinton L. Cobb (R)
* . David Heaton (R)
*: Joseph Dixon (R)
* . Oliver H. Dockery (R)
* . John T. Deweese (R)
*: John Manning, Jr. (D)
* . Israel G. Lash (R)
* . Francis E. Shober (D)
* . Alexander H. Jones (R)
==== Ohio ====
* . Peter W. Strader (D)
* . Job E. Stevenson (R)
* . Robert C. Schenck (R), until January 5, 1871, vacant for remainder of term
* . William Lawrence (R)
* . William Mungen (D)
* . John A. Smith (R)
* . James J. Winans (R)
* . John Beatty (R)
* . Edward F. Dickinson (D)
* . Truman H. Hoag (D)
*: Erasmus D. Peck (R)
* . John T. Wilson (R)
* . Philadelph Van Trump (D)
* . George W. Morgan (D)
* . Martin Welker (R)
* . Eliakim H. Moore (R)
* . John A. Bingham (R)
* . Jacob A. Ambler (R)
* . William H. Upson (R)
* . James A. Garfield (R)
==== Oregon ====
* . Joseph S. Smith (D)
==== Pennsylvania ====
* . Samuel J. Randall (D)
* . Charles O'Neill (R)
* . John Moffet (D)
*: Leonard Myers (R)
* . William D. Kelley (R)
* . John R. Reading (D)
*: Caleb N. Taylor (R)
* . John D. Stiles (D)
* . Washington Townsend (R)
* . J. Lawrence Getz (D)
* . Oliver J. Dickey (R)
* . Henry L. Cake (R)
* . Daniel M. Van Auken (D)
* . George W. Woodward (D)
* . Ulysses Mercur (R)
* . John B. Packer (R)
* . Richard J. Haldeman (D)
* . John Cessna (R)
* . Daniel J. Morrell (R)
* . William H. Armstrong (R)
* . Glenni W. Scofield (R)
* . Calvin W. Gilfillan (R)
* . John Covode (R), installed February 9, 1870 after contested election; died January 11, 1871, vacant to end of term
* . James S. Negley (R)
* . Darwin Phelps (R)
* . Joseph B. Donley (R)
==== Rhode Island ====
* . Thomas A. Jenckes (R)
* . Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (R)
==== South Carolina ====
* . B. Frank Whittemore (R)
*: Joseph H. Rainey (R)
* . Christopher C. Bowen (R)
* . Solomon L. Hoge (R), installed April 8, 1869 after winning contested election
* . Alexander S. Wallace (R), installed May 27, 1870 after successfully contesting election
==== Tennessee ====
* . Roderick R. Butler (R)
* . Horace Maynard (R)
* . William B. Stokes (R)
* . Lewis Tillman (R)
* . William F. Prosser (R)
* . Samuel M. Arnell (R)
* . Isaac R. Hawkins (R)
* . William J. Smith (R)
==== Texas ====
* . George W. Whitmore (R), installed March 30, 1870
* . John C. Conner (D), installed March 31, 1870
* . William T. Clark (R), installed March 31, 1870
* . Edward Degener (R), installed March 31, 1870
==== Vermont ====
* . Charles W. Willard (R)
* . Luke P. Poland (R)
* . Worthington C. Smith (R)
==== Virginia ====
* . Richard S. Ayer (R), installed January 31, 1870
* . James H. Platt, Jr. (R), installed January 26, 1870
* . Charles H. Porter (R), installed January 26, 1870
* . George W. Booker(C), installed January 26, 1870
* . Robert Ridgway(C), installed January 27, 1870. Served until October 16, 1870.
*: Richard T. W. Duke(C) from November 8, 1870
* . William Milnes, Jr.(C), installed January 27, 1870
* . Lewis McKenzie(C), installed January 31, 1870
* . James King Gibson(C), installed January 28, 1870
==== West Virginia ====
* . Isaac H. Duval (R)
* . James C. McGrew (R)
* . John S. Witcher (R)
==== Wisconsin ====
* . Halbert E. Paine (R)
* . Benjamin F. Hopkins (R)
*: David Atwood (R)
* . Amasa Cobb (R)
* . Charles A. Eldredge (D)
* . Philetus Sawyer (R)
* . Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)
Non-voting members
* . Richard C. McCormick (D)
* . Allen A. Bradford (R)
* . Solomon L. Spink (R)
* . Jacob K. Shafer (D)
* . James M. Cavanaugh (D)
* . J. Francisco Chaves (R)
* . William H. Hooper (D)
* . Selucius Garfielde (R)
* . Stephen F. Nuckolls (D)
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
*replacements: 4
** Democratic: no net change
** Republican: no net change
*deaths: 2
*resignations:2
*interim appointments: 2
*Total seats with changes: 4
House of Representatives
*replacements: 12
** Democratic: 1 seat net loss
** Republican: 1 seat net gain
*deaths: 5
*resignations: 8
*contested election: 11
*Total seats with changes: 24
Employees
* Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
Senate
* Secretary: George C. Gorham of Massachusetts
* Sergeant at Arms:
** George T. Brown of Illinois
** John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22, 1869
* Chaplain: John P. Newman, ''Methodist'', elected March 8, 1869
House of Representatives
* Clerk: Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected March 5, 1869
* Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected March 5, 1869
* Doorkeeper: Otis S. Buxton of New York, elected March 5, 1869
* Postmaster: William S. King of Minnesota, elected March 5, 1869
* Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: John M. Barclay
* Chaplain: John G. Butler, ''Presbyterian'', elected March 4, 1869
Source: Wikipedia